Matthew 20

Reading for Friday, July 6: Matthew 20

The Kingdom of God challenges our understanding of equity. This seems to be the point of the parable Jesus tells in the first few verses of Matthew 20. A man hires laborers for his vineyard; some work a full day, others a half day, some work only one hour. Yet they all receive the same pay. When those who have worked a full day object, the master replies: “Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Did you not agree with me for a denarius? Take what belongs to you and go. I choose to give to this last worker as I give to you. Am I not allowed to do what I choose with what belongs to me? Or do you begrudge my generosity?” (v13-15).

Jesus reminds us that the Kingdom is God’s possession and He is free to dispense it to the degree of His choosing. “But I’ve been here longer, worked harder, and we both make the same pay!” Sounds an awful lot like the older brother from another of Jesus’ parables. This parable challenges us because we think of pay as getting what we deserve. But these day workers — in Jesus’ day and in our own — rely on this work to feed their families. So the greater injustice here would be to pay these workers less that their families might suffer. There IS a justice thread to this parable…just not in the way modern ears might expect.

In v17-19, Jesus again pulls the curtain back and prepares His disciples for what is going to come: “The Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn him to death and deliver him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged and crucified, and he will be raised on the third day.” We have to wonder how much of this the disciples really understood. Judging by their actions, especially in the next story, we might say, “Not a lot.”

The mother of James and John approaches Jesus to ask for a favor: “Say that these two sons of mine are to sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your kingdom.” Understandably, the other disciples rail at this. (Can you imagine the ribbing they received from the other disciples? “What? You can’t ask Jesus yourself? You have to get your Mom to fight your battles for you?”) And even though the request is a bit presumptuous, there is also deep faith moving behind it. Zebedee’s wife is making a profession of faith in Jesus here, and that shouldn’t be lost on us. Sure, she wants her boys to sit on thrones, but she also believes Jesus will occupy the central position. She believes He’s the Messiah. And this, I believe, is a tremendous example of radical faith for us, especially to her sons, James and John. This kind of belief will cost this family dearly before it’s all said and done.

Jesus gives us something of a mission statement in v28: “The Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”

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Matthew 19

Matthew 19

 

The Kingdom of God is sometimes thought of as some sort of “out there” or “up there” reality. It’s the stuff of heaven, an unclarified vision of eternity to come. But when Jesus teaches on the Kingdom, He addresses the most common, fundamental dimensions of our lives: money, marriage, children, broken relationships, grudges that we hold, etc.

 

In ch19, Jesus continues to teach about the sanctity of the marriage relationship. As the most sacred of human covenants, marriage exists to reveal the character and glory of God. The Bible holds up a Trinitarian understanding of marriage (God, husband, wife) that reveals God’s Triune nature as Father, Son, and Spirit. This is why divorce is spoken of so strongly in Scripture — this kind of rupture is unnatural, like the Son rejecting the Spirit or the Spirit abandoning the Father.

 

Jesus intentionally seeks out the young in order to lay hands on them (to confer a blessing on them) and to pray over them. It’s important to remember that the ancient world was not nearly as “kid-friendly” as our Western culture. Until they were old enough to work the fields and earn their keep, children were a liability in the ancient world. But Jesus has a counter-cultural understanding of children, seeing their helplessness and their vulnerability. Though they are young, they intrinsically understand their dependence upon their parents for life.

 

This contrasts with the next character we meet in the Gospel, the rich young ruler. Jesus speaks to his pious heart, commanding him to embrace the same posture of humility and dependence as the small child. “Sell what you possess and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven,” (v21). The young man hears this and he walks away sorrowful. We’re left with this tragic portrait: young children playing around the feet of Jesus, peaceful in His presence, while the young ruler walks back to the materialistic trappings of the world he has created for himself, incapable of relinquishing his dependence upon these possessions.

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Matthew 18

Reading for Wednesday, July 4: Matthew 18

In Matthew 18, we come to the fourth of Jesus’ teaching discourses in this Gospel. Jesus turns His attention toward a fuller description of the Kingdom of God, beginning with a redefined understanding of greatness. The disciples press in, asking “Who is the greatest in the Kingdom of heaven?” Jesus reaches for a child: “Unless you turn and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.” Often times this passage is misunderstood as implying that we must return to some sort of idyllic state of child-like innocence in order to enter the Kingdom. But innocence, once lost, is impossible to recover. Instead, Jesus is pointing to the child’s dependence upon another for his / her sustenance. “Unless you turn…” — repent of all attempts to find life outside of God. Accept the fact that you are dependent upon Him for everything. As we studied in Acts: “In him we live and move and have our being.”

This sort of humility prompts a reflective life. Believers should be aware that their actions could prompt others to sin (v5-9). This conscientiousness is an outworking of love for others, rooted in love for God. Inevitably, some will stumble and fall away. But the example Jesus leaves us is of a loving shepherd willfully pursuing the errant sheep (v12-13). Our love for our brother should prompt us to the same action — and even preventative measures as well.

This leads to Peter’s question about forgiveness and Jesus’ response: Forgiveness should be frequent and extravagant as it is practiced among followers of Christ. Jesus demonstrates this with the dramatic story of the king and his servants, closing with the important words that are meant to linger in our ears: “And in anger his master delivered him to the jailers, until he should pay all his debt. So also my heavenly Father will do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother from your heart.”

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Matthew 17

Reading for Tuesday, July 3: Matthew 17

The Transfiguration is intended to increase faith. It’s a foreshadowing of Christ’s glory to come when all is fulfilled — when He fulfills the Law and the Prophets through His supreme act of loving God and loving others. But the disciples struggle with understanding it’s full import. Peter stands amazed, yet he asks to build three tabernacles in an attempt to contain this glory, to soak in it for a while. But that doesn’t seem to be the nature of God’s glory, at least not in Scripture. It’s a fleeting thing, for our sake. We’re capable of witnessing it only in small doses. And so the voice of God drives them to fall prostrate. But when they open their eyes — at the touch of Jesus (v7-8) — the Transfiguring moment has passed.

But I would argue that what was intended to increase their faith will take some time. On their way down the mountain, Jesus tells them not to share the news of this with anyone until His resurrection. But the disciples want to fixate on Elijah — is he coming back? What was that all about? The cat is right there, out of the bag, and they miss it. So a little bit later (v22), he says it again, very clearly: “The Son of Man is about to be delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill him, and he will be raised on nthe third day.” (v22-23). But Peter gets caught up in a debate about taxes; the disciples fail to heal a young demon-possessed boy. And Jesus sees the chief problem as a matter of faith.

I wonder what He’d say about my faith.

Or lack thereof.

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Matthew 16

Reading for Monday, July 2: Matthew 16

Well, we’ve made it halfway through the year with our reading project. Hope you all are getting as much out of this as I am. I know some have told me they’ve fallen behind, but that’s okay. Reading and discussing this together is such a blessing. Hop in and join us, even if you’re a bit behind.

As the chapter begins, the Pharisees test Jesus for a sign to accompany his work. They’ve asked him this kind of thing before, but Jesus refuses to cater to them. Instead, he refers to them as a “wicked and adulterous generation”. Their evil and corrupt spirits serve as a warning to the disciples. “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees.” The takeaway for us is to always be on guard against these corrupting influences, a la the Proverbs (see Prov. 9:6; 13:20, for example).

But Jesus uses this as an occasion to do a little testing of His own. He asks His disciples the ultimate question: Who do you say that I am? Peter confesses Jesus as “the Son of the Living God” and Jesus confers the following blessing upon him: “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.”

I love the language Jesus uses: the gates of hell will not withstand the advance of God’s Kingdom. Too often, we think in different terms — that the powers of darkness are pressing in against us and it is our task to retreat into our holy huddles, awaiting the day when Jesus returns to lift us out of this nightmarish existence. But Jesus gives us a better image, an image of darkness receding as the power of God’s light advances in the world, step by step reclaiming God’s good creation once more. It’s high time we put the power back in God’s court, recognizing that the gates of hell itself stand little chance against God’s full-on Kingdom assault. This is the promise of Jesus here!

But this moment of glory is short-lived for Peter. Seemingly in the next breath, he is pulling Jesus aside and rebuking Him for all the “death and dying” talk. But Jesus chastises Peter: “Get behind me, Satan!” I challenge you to find a more pointed and haunting statement in all of Scripture. Jesus equates Peter’s earthly-mindedness with Satan himself. But even this statement leads to a deeper teaching, one that deserves to be heard again in our time:

“If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his soul? Or what shall a man give in return for his soul? (16:24-26)”

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Matthew 15

Reading for Friday, June 29: Matthew 15

Matthew 15 begins with the Pharisees questioning Jesus yet again. They questioned Jesus about His Sabbath practice in ch12, culminating in an accusation that He operated by the power of Satan rather than God. Of course, this leads to the double-barreled response from Jesus about judgment and the sign of Jonah. You’d think these guys would learn their lesson, but they’re back again, this time questioning Jesus about hand washing.

Yes, you read that right. Hand washing.

Apparently this was a really big deal back in the day. Ceremonial cleanliness was very important in Jewish culture. Still is. But it seems as if the whole thing just exasperates Jesus. Here he is, feeding the hungry, restoring sight to the blind, teaching these shepherd-less people about the nearness of God’s Kingdom for them…and these Pharisees show up with their nitpickiness about His lack of hand washing.

So, in essence, Jesus decides to address them on their own terms. “You want nitpicky? Okay, how about the way you get around God’s command to honor your father and mother?” It seems that it was a common practice to avoid this additional expense by claiming that you’d devoted that portion of your income to the Lord. Jesus sees this for the ruse it really is. “You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you: ‘These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me!'”

The disciples, in all sincerity, I believe, come to Jesus with an interesting question: “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this?” (Um, yeah. Pretty sure that was the intent.) Jesus replies with a teaching about what comes out of a man’s heart, not what he takes in through the mouth. “For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, slander. These are what make a man ‘unclean’; but eating with unwashed hands does not make him ‘unclean’,” (v19-20).

Matthew contrasts the attitudes of the Jewish religious leaders with the faith of the Canaanite woman. Jesus seems to be testing her with some of his statements: “I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel.” And, “It is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.” But she is undeterred. She continues to ask Jesus for help. She’s at the end of her rope, nowhere else to go. Wouldn’t we do the same thing on behalf of our children? Or our dear loved ones? Finally, Jesus turns to her and says, “Woman, you have great faith! Your request is granted.” And with this, Matthew winks to us. This is what faith looks like.

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Matthew 14

Reading for Thursday, June 28: Matthew 14

In Matthew 14, we learn of the fate of John the Baptist. This bold prophet is struck down because of his condemnation of a member of Herod’s family. Philip, Herod’s brother, is involved in some sort of illicit relationship with Herodias. Spurned by John’s denouncement of their union, Herodias and her daughter eventually force Herod’s hand. The prophet is beheaded, his disciples bury his body and bring word to Jesus.

With John’s fate foreshadowing what is to come for Jesus, the Nazarene’s ministry continues. The remainder of the chapter provides two well-worn paths in our remembrance of Jesus: the feeding of the 5,000 and the walking on water episodes. Matthew tells us that Jesus had compassion on the people (v14), healing their sick and meeting their needs. “They all ate and were satisfied, and the disciples picked up twelve basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over,” (v20). On the heels of this miracle, Jesus amazes his disciples by walking on water. Note what happens afterward: “And when they climbed into the boat, the wind died down. Then those who were in the boat worshiped him, saying, ‘Truly you are the Son of God.’ (v32-33)” Doubt – palpable as Peter sank into the water just moments earlier – is now replaced by faith and heartfelt devotion. This is the greatest miracle of all. This is what happens when our hearts find true satisfaction, when we find that which we have instinctively been looking for all along. Nothing else will suffice. Our hearts were made for worship.

It’s also interesting to note that Jesus withdraws from the crowds here at the height of his ministry. We looked at this in our study of Luke, too, but note the way Matthew records this:

  • When Jesus heard what had happened, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place. (v13)
  • After he had dismissed them, he went up on a mountainside by himself to pray. (v23).

We cannot ignore the importance of solitary prayer in the life of Jesus. As much as He cares for the crowds, He also strikes a balance, quietly communing with God on a regular basis. In our noise-saturated culture, we would do well to follow this same practice.

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Matthew 13

Reading for Wednesday, June 27: Matthew 13

Matthew 13 could be called the chapter of parables. The longest of these parables is the parable of the sower. Not only does Jesus teach this parable publicly, but Matthew records some “behind the scenes” information: an explanation of this specific parable and a defense of Jesus’ parabolic teaching in general. According to Jesus, the parables cannot be understood apart from ears ready to hear (v9, 43). “The knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them,” (v11). But the aim here isn’t the creation of a secret society. The disciples of Jesus are commissioned with the charge to expand the borders of God’s Kingdom, that even greater numbers might partake in the wonders of His love.

Sadly, some will inevitably reject this message. Some will receive the word with “rocky” hearts; others will have the message thwarted by the enemy and his weeds. Those who receive this message will bear witness to the mustard seed quality of the Kingdom: starting small, in the heart, expanding deeper and wider, until the whole person – even all creation – is taken in by the grandness of God’s love.

What are your thoughts on these parables Jesus delivers in Matthew 13?

The chapter closes on a low note. Jesus returns to Nazareth, only to find scoffers. “Where did this man get this wisdom and these miraculous powers? Isn’t this the carpenter’s son?” And it says that they took offense at him. As a result, Jesus did not perform any miracles in Nazareth “because of their lack of faith” (v58).

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Matthew 12

Reading for Tuesday, June 26: Matthew 12

Matthew 12 finds Jesus in conflict with the religious leaders of his day. Perturbed that His disciples pick grain and eat on the Sabbath, the Pharisees press Jesus for an explanation of this violated social norm. But Jesus answers by quoting Scripture: an OT story about David eating the consecrated bread reserved only for the priests. He further appeals to the priestly activity in the Temple on the Sabbath, saying “I tell you that one greater than the temple is here,” (v6) — one of the most controversial statements He ever made. He compounds the situation by healing a man in the synagogue on the Sabbath, demonstrating the truth of Hosea 6:6, “I desire mercy, not sacrifice.” All of this poses a tremendous threat to the religious ruling class. “But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus,” (v14).

Matthew turns his attention to a well-known passage in Judaism: Isaiah 42. The prophet foretells of a servant of God, empowered by the Spirit, proclaiming justice to the nations. He is the champion of the bruised reed and the smoldering wick; many will place their hope in Him. Matthew interprets this passage as a reference to Jesus, God’s chosen Messiah. This is important, given the contrasting opinion of the Pharisees, who begin churning out their venomous propaganda and fear-mongering: “It is only by Beelzebub, the prince of demons, that this fellow drives out demons,” (v24). Of course, this is absurd and Jesus says as much. “If Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand?” (v26). But this leads Jesus into a greater body of teaching. “He who is not with me is against me” underscores the impossibility of neutrality when it comes to Jesus. What one believes about Him has ultimate significance, in this life and in the life to come.

I wanted to share this from the ESV Study Bible on the statement Jesus makes about blasphemy against the Holy Spirit:

Jesus closes this occasion of teaching his disciples (v. 1) with one of the most enigmatic, debated, and misunderstood sayings of his ministry. Key to understanding this passage is the distinction Jesus makes between, on one hand, the extreme case of blasphemy against “the Holy Spirit” and, on the other hand, the lesser case of speaking in an dishonorable way against “the Son of Man.” One who asks to be forgiven for disrespectful words hastily spoken against Jesus (the Son of Man) will be forgiven. (Note, e.g., Peter’s rejection of Jesus [see 22:54–62] and his subsequent restoration [John 21:15–19].) But blasphemy against the Holy Spirit—that is, the persistent and unrepentant resistance against the work of the Holy Spirit and his message concerning Jesus (cf. Acts 7:51)—this, Jesus says, will not be forgiven. The person who persists in hardening his heart against God, against the work of the Holy Spirit, and against the provision of Christ as Savior, is outside the reach of God’s provision for forgiveness and salvation. Christians often worry that they have committed this sin, but such a concern is itself evidence of an openness to the work of the Spirit (see also notes on Matt. 12:31–32 and Mark 3:29).

Jesus goes on to indict these rabble-rousing Pharisees as a “brood of vipers” (v34), incapable of good. In particular, Jesus highlights their speech: “For out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks,” (v34). These men have revealed their corrupt hearts through their perverse and wicked language. “But I tell you that men will have to give account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken. For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”

The Pharisees rise up and ask for a sign and Jesus lashes out again: “A wicked and adulterous generation asks for a miraculous sign! But none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.” If you’re a follower of Jesus’, you have to be thinking to yourself, “This is not going well.” Jesus seems bent on exposing these Pharisees for the lying, deceptive, evil leaders that they are. With each word of Truth, Jesus cements His fate at the hands of Jerusalem’s power players. But this does not stop Him from prophetic speech. In fact, it probably emboldens Him all the more.

As the chapter concludes, Mary and his brothers approach, seeking an audience with Him. But He denies them. Jesus is in no mood for pleasantries; He has no desire to be calmly coaxed by His family. Instead, He offers up this teaching: “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?” Pointing to his disciples, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers. For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.” These words surely cut Mary to the core, but Jesus speaks them nonetheless to galvanize His followers in the face of the coming opposition at the hands of the Pharisees and religious rulers. If this ragtag group of disciples is to withstand the hailstorm that is to come, they’ll need to think of themselves as a tight-knit family, a group committed to each other and the teachings of their common Lord.

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Matthew 11

Reading for Monday, June 25: Matthew 11

In Matthew 11, John the Baptist asks an interesting question, one that belies his expectation of the Messiah: “Are you the one who was to come, or should we expect someone else?” It seems that Jesus’ ministry hadn’t quite met up to John’s expectation. I wonder how many of us would be in the same place if we were to come face to face with Jesus. He seems to have an uncanny way of defying our expectations.

Jesus sends word back to John. “Go back and report to John what you hear and see: The blind receive sight, the lame walk, those who have leprosy are cured, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is preached to the poor.” In a clear allusion to Isaiah 61, Jesus tells John, in essence: “Make up your own mind. My identity is rooted in my actions.”

Jesus then launches into a series of woes against the cities and generation of his day. The miraculous deeds that have been performed in these cities have not produced faith. Jesus laments these circumstances, which prompts Him to pray: “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them to little children,” (v25). Only those with eyes to see are privy to the glory of this message. Clarity of vision comes through faith. In all of this, Jesus bids the faithful to Him: “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.”

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