Ready for the Season!

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Paul in Acts: Zeal

For some days he was with the disciples in Damascus. And immediately he proclaimed Jesus in the synagogues, saying, “He is the Son of God.”

Acts 9:19-20

On the heels of his conversion and baptism, Paul immediately proclaims that Jesus is the Son of God. Whereas his previous mission would have led him to the synagogues to root out any confession of Jesus as Messiah, Paul has become an ambassador of Christ’s lordship. No half-measures, no waiting around. Paul immediately gets to work to set the record straight regarding Jesus.

This is a telling snapshot. It reveals much about Paul’s character. In his excellent work, Paul: A Biography, N.T. Wright highlights the esteemed Hebrew virtue of zeal as perhaps Paul’s most essential characteristic. In the tradition of Phinehas from Numbers 25, Paul possessed zeal for God’s righteousness. And much like Phinehas before him, he was willing to shed blood in the name of God. And although his life was radically reoriented on the road to Damascus, his zeal for the Lord remains, channelled now toward announcing the Good News of God’s grace.

Paul’s zeal drives him to preach Jesus immediately. And this same zeal seems to have rubbed some people the wrong way.

And all who heard him were amazed and said, “Is not this the man who made havoc in Jerusalem of those who called upon his name? And has he not come here for this purpose, to bring them bound before the chief priests?” But Saul increased all the more in strength, and confounded the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving that Jesus was the Christ.

When many days had passed, the Jews plotted to kill him, but their plot became known to Saul. They were watching the gates day and night in order to kill him, but his disciples took him by night and let him down through an opening in the wall, lowering him in a basket.

Acts 9:21-25

Paul confounds and confuses his opponents by “proving that Jesus was the Christ” — a term that carries the meaning of “join” or “put together.” As scholar John Polhill writes, this word “seems to picture his assembling Old Testament texts to demonstrate how Christ fulfilled them.” This zealous work prompts some Jews in Damascus to plot against Paul. I wonder if some of Paul’s former cronies are a part of the plan to murder him.

But the plan comes to light and Paul is delivered to safety, per the Lord’s plan. But verse 25 has another revealing detail: “but his disciples took him by night and let him down through an opening in the wall, lowering him in a basket.” It’s not just that Paul immediately begins preaching in the name of Jesus. This verse makes it clear that he also began immediately discipling people in the way of Jesus, teaching at an individual level, encouraging the believers, praying with and for the believers, helping them grow in “unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God” so that they might be mature, “attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ,” (Eph. 4:13).

Zealous for proclaiming the name of the Lord.

Zealous for discipling others in the name of the Lord.

The picture of Paul that emerges here is one of power, conviction, and boldness. In a word, Paul is a man of great zeal.

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Paul in Acts: Grace

And falling to the ground, he heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?” And he said, “Who are you, Lord?” And he said, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. But rise and enter the city, and you will be told what you are to do.”

Acts 9:4-6

When the moment came — the moment to really put Paul in his place, to lower the boom and let him have it — Jesus offered grace instead.

“I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting.”

I would expect the next words to be harsh words, words of judgment, something along the lines of, “And now, that you might know my power and my exceeding glory, may you suffer my eternal wrath, for their blood is on your hands, Saul.”

But thankfully, that’s not what Jesus says.

Instead, He simply tells Paul to get up and go to Damascus and await further instruction.

Of course, Saul couldn’t see anything, so those who were with him had to lead him by the hand into the city. They had heard the voice but they hadn’t seen Jesus (Acts 9:7). Imagine how unnerving this must have been for these men. It certainly seems to have taken the wind out of everyone’s sails. Best we can tell, they never laid a finger on a single disciple in Damascus, their mission drowned out by the booming voice of Jesus calling down from heaven.

And so Saul sat like this for three days — in the dark, unable to see, forgoing food and water, his mind singularly focused on repentance. Acts 9:11 says that Saul spent this time praying. What do you think he prayed about? I imagine he was saying something like, Please, Lord. Forgive me. I was wrong. I’ve made a terrible, terrible mistake. Please, Lord. Be merciful.

Saul is going through death before he will be reborn. He sits in the darkness for three days, a parallel to Christ’s three days in the tomb.

But somewhere in all of that praying, God gave Saul a vision of grace. Specifically, it was a vision of a man named Ananias who would come and lay hands on him, restoring his sight. By grace, Saul was to be the chosen instrument to carry the name of the Lord before the Gentiles and kings and the children of Israel (Acts 9:15). And Ananias would be the chosen instrument of reconciliation for Saul.

Of course, Ananias needed his own vision. When the Lord commissioned him for this particular assignment, Ananias registered his concern: “Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much evil he has done to your saints at Jerusalem.” Saul has brought much suffering to those who dared to proclaim the name of Christ. And now, in a twist of irony, Jesus says, “For I will show him how much he must suffer for the sake of my name,” (Acts 9:16).

This would be Saul’s second chance. When Ananias laid his hands on him and the scales fell from his eyes, Saul’s first move was to get up and to be baptized (Acts 9:18). Nevermind the fact that he hadn’t had anything to eat or drink for three days (Acts 9:9). With great urgency, Saul rushes off to be baptized in the name of his Lord.

Immersion in the name of Christ goes all the way back to the Day of Pentecost, the founding of the church itself (Acts 2:38). It is a ritual act of identifying with the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. In baptism, we align ourselves with Jesus. As He died on the cross, we die to ourselves. As He was buried in the tomb, we are buried in the waters of baptism. And as He rose again on the third day, we are raised to walk in newness of life (Romans 6:4).

Understood this way, baptism is a means of grace.

And for Saul, as for all of us, this grace makes all the difference.

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Paul in Acts: Persecuting Jesus

And falling to the ground, he heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?”

Acts 9:4

At the beginning of Acts 9, things must be going well for Paul (Saul). He’s expanding his work, asking the high priest for letters authorizing him to go to Damascus to exterminate the Jesus movement after the execution of Stephen. The opening verse of the chapter couldn’t be any clearer: he is breathing out murderous threats against the disciples. If he finds believers in Damascus, he is to bring them to Jerusalem as prisoners. Knowing his story as we do, we see the irony: this is ultimately the direction Paul’s own story will head.

And I am intrigued by the words Jesus spoke to him on the road to Damascus: “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting ME?”

How is Paul persecuting Jesus?

There’s only one answer: by persecuting His followers.

We can infer a powerful truth here. Jesus is so intimately connected to His followers that He experiences their persecution as His own.

This is amazing. Jesus is the living embodiment of what Paul would later teach: rejoice with those who rejoice and weep with those who weep.

Paul has gotten it all wrong. These Christ-followers aren’t the dangerous rogues Paul assumed them to be with their claims of a crucified and resurrected Messiah. This small but resilient band of believers has rightly discerned that God’s Messianic promises to Israel have now been fulfilled in Jesus. And all of this comes crashing down upon Paul on the road to Damascus as he hears, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,” (Acts 9:5).

This is a word of comfort, a word of Good News — that Jesus feels what His followers feel.

God has put me in a position to hear people’s pain on a regular basis. My heart breaks for the suffering and adversity so many good people have to endure. But one of the only things that seems to truly bring comfort is the knowledge that we don’t suffer alone. To have someone join you in your suffering is often the only practical form of comfort we can experience.

And to know that Jesus feels the persecution of His people is one of the greatest proofs of His identity as Immanuel — God with us. The cross itself is a testimony to His willingness to join us in our pain. We’ve often pointed to the cross as the place where Jesus identifies with our sin. And this is certainly true, as the atonement theories will testify.

But this is not exclusively true. It’s not the only thing going on at the cross. Yes, this is where Jesus identifies with our sin — but it is also the place where He identifies with our suffering. Roman crucifixion was specifically engineered to maximize pain. It was the most shameful death human minds could ever devise. And Jesus HAD to die THIS way.

The scriptures are clear: Jesus had to die at Passover because of His identification as the Lamb of God who takes away our sin. This is the necessity of WHEN He died.

But He also had to die in this particular way in order to most fully identify with our suffering. He had to die on that cross — the necessity of HOW He died.

And in His resurrected state, He still identifies with our suffering.

As these early believers are being persecuted, Jesus experiences this as persecution within Himself.

And as His followers today suffer for righteousness’ sake, He feels this as well.

This is Good News, that Immanuel is still with us, that He feels what we feel. In this, I find comfort and hope. And I hope you do, too.

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Paul in Acts: The Obedience of Faith

Before looking at the story of Paul’s conversion in Acts 9, I’m reminded of something he says in Romans:

[Jesus is the one] through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith for the sake of his name among all the nations…

Romans 1:5

What does he mean by “the obedience of faith?”

To believe in Christ is to put one’s trust in Him. It is more than an intellectual assent to a set of propositional truths. It is a highly relational act. And obedience is a piece of this relationship. This surely troubles some who would emphasize the efficacy of grace as a way of making our faith attractive to outsiders. But obedience should be understood as the natural next step in our relationship with Jesus. After all, we have ascribed to Him the title “Lord.”

Scholar and translator David Stern has termed this “trust-grounded obedience.” Maybe that communicates the point in a palatable way. It is the obedience that comes from faith, obedience that comes because one believes.

I asked my family what they thought this meant. I said, “What is the relationship between faith and obedience?” Sunny replied, “I believe, therefore I obey.” She said this was just part of the gospel she heard growing up and she even said this is something that has been reinforced through her reading of scripture — especially the writings of Paul.

Jackson added an interesting point. He noted that this works differently in different people. Whereas some individuals believe and this leads them to obey, others “obey their way into the faith.” He said this was basically the way it worked for him. He grew up around the faith and was obedient to the precepts and the “rules” — and this was helpful in leading him to the point of faith.

Joshua added that loyalty was a key part of obedience for him. He said he finds it hard to say that you’re obedient if you’re not remaining loyal to your commitment. In a way, Joshua is defining obedience as an act of faithfulness, as being loyal to your faith – which is simply another way of explaining Stern’s “trust-grounded obedience.”

I think this entire discussion is a helpful way of explaining what Paul means by the phrase, “the obedience of faith.” This is one of the keys to the gospel he proclaims. And it is a significant piece of his story, beginning in Acts 9.

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Snow in Alabama

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A Tremendous Christmas Gift

One of my good friends gave me a tremendous Christmas gift this year. He scanned hundreds and hundreds of old photos so I would have digital copies of them, many of them going back to my childhood or the early days of my relationship with Sunny. I’m still going through all of these pictures and the memories associated with them. What an incredible gift!

One picture I really love is this one of us at the beach. Not exactly sure the year, probably the early 2000s before we had children.

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Paul in Acts: Even Scattered Seeds Grow

I’m reading the book of Acts right now with an eye toward studying Paul: his movements and his teachings according to Luke. I’ll carry this along for the first little bit here in 2025. For the purposes of clarity, I will use the name “Paul” when writing about this figure, although Luke uses the name “Saul” in these early chapters.

Then they cast [Stephen] out of the city and stoned him. And the witnesses laid down their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul.

And Saul approved of his execution. And there arose on that day a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem, and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles. Devout men buried Stephen and made great lamentation over him. But Saul was ravaging the church, and entering house after house, he dragged off men and women and committed them to prison.

Now those who were scattered went about preaching the word.

Acts 7:58, 8:1-4

This is how we are first introduced to Paul in Luke’s narrative. He is present at the stoning of Stephen, which appears to be an act of mob violence. The Sanhedrin could not carry out the death sentence, as in the case of Jesus — which is why He was sent before Pilate for Roman sentencing.

This means that Stephen’s death was basically a lynching.

And Paul approved.

As N.T. Wright has noted, Paul was a young man of considerable zeal. This might be one of his most pronounced lifelong qualities.

We know from Paul’s own testimony in Acts 22:20 that this event had a profound effect on him.

Unlike his teacher, Gamaliel, Paul refused to seek compromise in matters of spiritual fidelity. If the old order was to be preserved, this new group must die, along with their claims of a resurrected Messiah.

When it says that Paul sought to ravage the church, the word is literally “destroy.” Some speculate that Paul was part of the Freedman’s Synagogue mentioned in Acts 6:9, those who argued against Stephen yet failed to best his Spirit-inspired wisdom. In Acts 6:11, we see that these men secretly persuaded some to make false accusations against Stephen. If this was the case, it would be easy to imagine the same “secret persuaders” inciting the mob to stone Stephen later.

The Greek word used to describe Paul’s ravaging of the church is used in the LXX (the Greek translation of the OT) to speak of wild beasts (such as lions and bears) tearing at raw flesh. This is the vigor with which Paul terrorizes the church. He caused so much persecution that the church is said to have experienced “peace” at his conversion (Acts 9:31).

But we’re a long way from there at the outset of Acts 8. Believers scatter in fear because of Paul’s murderous threats.

But Acts 8:4 reveals God’s divine sovereignty: Those who were scattered went on their way preaching the word.

Even as Paul acts to take the lives of believers, his actions serve to further the mission of God, the mission to which Jesus will later call him: the spread of the gospel. This is not to say that God “caused” the deaths of these believers or the hardship of those whose lives were disrupted, only that we should see His redemptive hand at work. The word describing the dispersal of these believers (diaspiero) comes from the Greek word for “seed.” These believers were scattered as seed, but even scattered seeds grow.

Ironically, the persecution of these believers only led to further increase.

Still, this picture of Paul is a somber, bloodthirsty one: breaking and entering into people’s homes to arrest those he considers to be heretical. Zealous, indeed.

But in order for this seed to grow and bear God’s intended fruit, it must — like all seeds — be buried.

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Happy 2025!

We went to the beach for a few days to close out 2024 and ring in 2025. Here’s to a great new year!

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Best Books of 2024

Each year, I set myself a goal of reading one book per week. It’s a pretty ambitious goal and most years I miss the mark. But this year, I’ve finished 54 books and many of them have been really great. Here are my Top 20 books I’ve read this year, along with comments about a few:

  1. The Five Lies of our Anti-Christian Age by Rosaria Butterfield
    • I think this is a really important book. Butterfield claims that she is writing especially for an audience of Christian women, but this book deserves a broader reading. Butterfield was formerly an English professor at Syracuse University whose primary academic field was critical theory with an emphasis in queer theory. But after coming to faith in Christ, she renounced her lesbian identity and has since become an important voice responding to several of the cultural shifts in our day. Using Scripture, she examines the lies we often hear in secular culture pertaining to gender, sexual identity, and feminism. The five lies she identifies are: 1) Homosexuality is normal; 2) Being a spiritual person is kinder than being a biblical Christian; 3) Feminism is good for the world and the church; 4) Transgenderism is normal; 5) Modesty is outdated and it serves male dominance by holding back women. Butterfield will come off as confrontational to some, but personally, I find her treatment of these issues to be refreshing, bold, thoughtful, and deeply biblical. I highly recommend The Five Lies of Our Anti-Christian Age.
  2. The Way of the Heart: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers by Henri Nouwen
    • Over the last few years, I’ve become more acquainted with the spirituality of the desert fathers — early Christians who withdrew into silence and solitude in order to more deeply connect with God. One of the results of our frenetic, fast-paced lives is a loss of reverence. But the desert fathers advocate for a way of life that is just as radical today as it was in the third century: a life of intentional solitude and deep silence. I love his book and I wish everyone would read it.
  3. The Dark Night of the Soul: A Psychiatrist Explores the Connection Between Darkness and Spiritual Growth by Gerald G. May
    • This book will reorient your perspective of suffering as God’s instrument of transformation in our lives.
  4. Critical Dilemma: The Rise of Critical Theories and Social Justice Ideology – Implications for Church and Society by Neil Shenvi and Pat Sawyer
    • I’ve done quite a bit of study on the topic of critical theory over the last couple of years and I can say that Shenvi and Sawyer have written what I consider to be an essential volume in the discussion, especially from a Christian perspective. You’ll find this to be a well-reasoned and fair-handed treatment of the various dimensions of critical theory and social justice ideology.
  5. The Wide Wide Sea: Imperial Ambition, First Contact and the Fateful Final Voyage of Captain James Cook by Hampton Sides
    • I find these real life stories of adventure and discovery to be fascinating. I didn’t know much about Captain Cook when I picked up a copy of this book, but he has to go down as one of the most important men who has ever lived. A fascinating account of his fateful third voyage around the world.
  6. The Little Friend by Donna Tartt
    • Jackson asked me to read this one because Donna Tartt is his favorite modern-day author. I loved this book. It’s about many things: nostalgia, revenge, the South, sisterhood. But more than anything, it’s about the losses we experience that change us and cause us to grow up — and the type of people we become as a result. My favorite fiction read of the year.
  7. Living In Christ’s Presence by Dallas Willard
    • Anything by Dallas Willard is really great.
  8. Out of the Darkness: The Mystery of Aaron Rodgers by Ian O’Connor
    • Rodgers is the best QB I’ve ever seen. I know others will argue for Brady, but I’ve never seen anyone do the things Rodgers has done on a football field. I would also argue that Rodgers is the most interesting and misunderstood athlete of this century so far. This book peels back some of the mystery surrounding his persona.
  9. Into the Silent Land: A Guide to the Christian Practice of Contemplation by Martin Laird
    • Great wisdom to help you pray.
  10. Father Joe: The Man Who Saved My Soul by Tony Hendra
    • Tony Hendra, of Monty Python fame, writes about the influence of his spiritual director, Father Joe. If you told me that one of the Monty Python players would write my favorite spiritual memoir of the year, I wouldn’t have believed you. But that’s exactly what this is.
  11. Elon Musk by Walter Isaacson
    • I loved this book, but with Musk now playing an important part in President Trump’s second administration, this volume already feels wildly incomplete. But as it is, Isaacson has written an essential biography of one of this generation’s most iconic and important personalities.
  12. Blood Meridan by Cormac McCarthy
    • McCarthy’s haunting tale of the Kid and the Judge doesn’t pull any punches. It’s an unflinchingly violent story, one whose thesis seems to be the universal bloodthirstiness of humanity.
  13. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt by Edmund Morris
    • I’m a big Roosevelt fan and this is the first of Morris’s trilogy of biographies, covering his early years to his rise to the presidency. I’m thinking I’ll read volume two in 2025 and wrap up with the final entry in 2026.
  14. Boundaries: When to Say Yes, How to Say No, To Take Control of Your Life by Dr. Henry Cloud and Dr. John Townsend
  15. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier by Ishmael Beah
  16. Contemplative Prayer by Thomas Merton
  17. The Yankee Years by Tom Verducci and Joe Torre
    • This was my favorite baseball book this year.
  18. Does the Bible Affirm Same-Sex Relationships? Examining 10 Claims about Scripture and Sexuality by Rebecca McLaughlin
  19. When the Game Was Ours by Magic Johnson and Larry Bird
  20. Counterfeit Kingdom: The Dangers of New Revelation, New Prophets, and New Age Practices in the Church by Holly Pivec and Douglas Geivett

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